Preview: Chess Classic Mainz 2009

Four and a half months after my post on Chess960 @ CCM9, the biggest chess960 event of the year starts in just a few days. Chess Tigers' home page, Chess Classic Mainz 2009 (CCM9), announces the official dates and venue as 27 July - 2 August 2009, at Rheingoldhalle, Mainz, with three chess960 events scheduled.

• 6th Chess960 Rapid World Championship; 28-30 July 2009; with GMs Aronian, Bologan, Nakamura, and Movsesian. • For an overview of the first five Rapid World Championships (2003-2007), see Chess960 World Championships.
  
  
• CCM9 - FiNet Open (Chess960); 30-31 July 2009; 8th FiNet Open - 'World's biggest Chess960 Rapid Chess Tournament' • The ICC held an online qualification tournament where first prize, expenses paid to the Mainz event, was won by GM Grischuk. For details, see Chess 960 Internet Championship 2009.
  
  
• 5th Livingston Chess960 Computer World Championship; 29-31 July 2009; Participants: Rybka 3 960, Deep Shredder, plus two qualifiers. • The two qualifiers -- Deep Sjeng and Ikarus -- were announced in Deep Sjeng gewinnt Qualifier zur Chess Classic Mainz.

I'll carry the results as soon as I can.

Differences Between Chess and Chess960

In Chess960 FAQ, one of the questions was 'Can chess and chess960 co-exist?' The short answer is: 'Yes, of course they can!' The long answer is: 'Look at the following table.'

The table shows what I think are the main differences between chess and chess960. The first column describes the way chess is tackled by good players. The second columns describes how chess960 can be tackled. The two ways of playing are not incompatible. Chess will appeal to some players; chess960 will appeal to other players; both might appeal to certain players (like me).

>>> Differences between Chess and Chess960 <<<

	Chess	Chess960
Number of SPs:	1 (SP518: RNBQKBNR)	960 (incl. SP518)
Opening Theory:	Under development since mid-19th century	Almost none
Home Preparation:	Develop an opening repertoire; study opponents' opening repertoires	Study generalities applying to families of positions
Software:	Large databases with 100s or 1000s of example games incorporating a specific, familiar opening position	Small databases with a few games for each SP
Initial moves:	Moves chosen according to repertoire, respecting chess logic as necessary	Moves chosen according to chess logic
Speed of play:	Play first moves quickly while position is familiar; play more slowly when end of repertoire reached	Consider the start position carefully before making the first move; play slowly starting with the first move
Psychology:	Choice of opening moves says something about player's style and objectives	Choice of moves says something about player's understanding of general chess principles
Middlegame:	Standard plans for the chosen opening often known and documented; frequently possible to discern which opening led to position	Often difficult to follow a standard plan or to discern which SP was used for game
Endgame:	Usually indistinguishable

SP: Chess960 Start Position

***

I added a widget for Mahalo.com to the bottom of the blog.

Ten Tabiyas

After 10...O-O

Here are the first ten tabiyas I found using Google. In 2009, how many chess positions could be counted as tabiyas? 100, 1000, 10.000, ...

• 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nc6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be2 Qc7 7.Be3 Nf6 8.O-O Be7 9.f4 d6 10.Qe1 O-O (top10chess.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6 6.Be3 Bg7 7.f3 Nc6 8.Qd2 O-O 9.Bc4 Bd7 10.O-O-O Rc8 11.Bb3 Ne5 12.h4 Nc4 13.Bxc4 Rxc4 14.h5 Nxh5 15.g4 Nf6 (everything2.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 d6 5.d4 Bd7 6.O-O exd4 7.Nxd4 Be7 (chessforallages.blogspot.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e5 6.Ndb5 d6 7.Bg5 a6 8.Na3 b5 9.Nd5 Be7 10.Bxf6 Bxf6 11.c3 O-O 12.Nc2 Bg5 13.a4 bxa4 14.Rxa4 a5 15.Bc4 Rb8 (chessvibes.com)
  
  
• 1.d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 Nf6 7.Bg2 Be7 8.O-O O-O (qualitychess.co.uk)
  
  
• 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O b5 6.Bb3 Bc5 7.c3 d6 8.a4 Rb8 9. d4 Bb6 10.Na3 Bg4 11.axb5 axb5 12.Nxb5 O-O (latimes.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4. c4 Nb6 5.f4 dxe5 6.fxe5 Nc6 7.Be3 Bf5 8.Nc3 e6 9.Nf3 Be7 (dorigo.wordpress.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Na5 6.Bb5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.Qf3 Rb8 9. Bxc6+ Nxc6 10.Qxc6+ Nd7 11.d3 Be7 (chessgames.com)
  
  
• 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.c4 Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3 Be7 7.cxd5 Nxd5 8.Bd3 Nc6 9.O-O O-O 10.Re1 Nf6 11.a3 b6 (jeremysilman.com)
  
  
• 1.c4 c5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.g3 b6 4.Bg2 Bb7 5.Nc3 e6 6.O-O Be7 7.d4 cxd4 8. Qxd4 d6 (chessville.com)

What's the connection with chess960? There isn't any connection. I don't believe tabiyas exist in chess960.

Chess960 FAQ

Chessgames.com's page titled FISCHERANDOM CHESS: Random Position Generator is much more than what the title states. It's a discussion group (aka 'Kibitizer's Corner', aka 'Reader Commentary') that started in January 2003. Although the number of posts has declined in the last year or so, it is a valuable repository of ideas touching on all aspects of chess960.

While browsing through 6+ years of posts, I noticed several themes that repeated frequently. These make a good basis for a chess960 FAQ:-

• Where can I play chess960?
  
• How do you castle? (often with reference to a specific position)
  
• Is chess960 really chess or is it some kind of chess-like variant?
  
• Aren't some chess960 positions forced wins for White?
  
• Why can't chess and chess960 co-exist?
  
• Does Fischer deserve credit for the chess960 idea?
  
• Isn't chess960 mainly for strong players who want to avoid opening theory?

Do you have another question that you think should be in a chess960 FAQ or a good answer (not necessarily original) to one of the questions?

***

Here's a FAQ-like answer from Chessgames.com itself: (Q) Why does CG.com spell 'Fischerandom' with one 'r'? (A) Because that's how Fischer spelled it. • This begs the question: when did Fischer ever spell it? He wasn't known for committing his thoughts to writing. • Here's another: (Q) Why does the CG.com 'Random Position Generator' use nonstandard numbering for the start positions? The (A) is mentioned many times in the discussion.

Populating the Database

I executed the plan described in A Simple Chess960 Database for Tracking SPs by creating an entry for each SP that I've already discussed elsewhere. A few small design issues cropped up that will need a little more thought.

How should I handle twins? Some discussions compare and contrast the differences. I did nothing special to flag them, so I'll document them here:

• SP034 - BNNQRBKR
  
• SP448 - BBRNNKQR
  
• SP534 - RNBKQBNR

How should I treat multiple posts on the same SP?

• SP059 - NNRQBKRB : Separate posts on the same day?, or
  
• SP534 - RNBKQBNR : Multiple links in one post?, or
  
• A combination of both techniques?

How much should I say about the traditional start position (and its twin)?

• SP518 - RNBQKBNR
  
• SP534 - RNBKQBNR

Before doing any extra work, I'll run for a while with what I have and see how useful it is (or isn't).

First Move Advantage in Chess960

A recent article on Chessbase.com, Refined Chess - a new proposal to combat draws (26 April 2009), another viewpoint in an ongoing dialog about the draw problem in chess, mentioned chess960 in passing.

Random Start Position: This was Fischer's proposal, which enjoyed a modest success. The problem is, not all starting positions offer the same chances to both players. Some gives white a huge advantage, some are too drawish.

This is a common criticism of chess960, where, as here, the critics always present the argument as a fact known to everyone, so examples are not required. I raised the issue on the SchemingMind.com chess960 forum (see Problems with certain start positions), and asked

I'm a newcomer to chess960, have played only a handful of games, and haven't seen this problem of start positions where 'some give White a huge advantage, some are too drawish'. Are there any positions that are known to be problematic?

Here are some of the comments I received.

QuantumLoop: 'In my experience so far I have not found any case that I felt offered one side or the other an advantage let alone a HUGE advantage.'

ichabod801: 'I recently read Gene Milener's book on FRC. He presents some data in there that seems to show a white advantage in some positions. However, it's from one tournament (Mainz), so it's not like it's a big enough sample to really draw any conclusions.'

Austin: 'I think the best way to find an answer would be to organise a correspondence tournament and invite the top CC players of the day to participate under full ICCF conditions. Such a tournament should really expose the 'truth' in each of the positions played.'

heuschrecke: 'I annotated the first 100 starting positions of Chess960 here on SM and I am actually playing in the German Chess960 Championship. [...] There are some starting positions where the right to move first leads to a few forced moves: White threatens to win a pawn with his first move. Black has only one answer and White with his 2nd move threatens to win another pawn. That's it and there's no advantage due to the right to make the first move. A big advantage for White and drawish starting positions - I don't know any of them. • And you may run Rybka for the next 50 years to find out if White has in any of the starting positions a big advantage of if any of the starting positions is drawish from the first move on. The development of opening theory in one and only starting position (the standard one) took 100 years. Even taking into account the tremendous acceleration in hard- and software development - how long would it take to come to a satisfying assessment of any of the 959 starting positions of Chess960?

QuantumLoop: 'World Champion Bobby Fischer,chess genius and originator, spent the years after his brilliant conception playing only Chess960. Bobby was a deeply honest man. If there were something unfair with his conception I am certain he would not of promoted it. If this World Champion, one of the greatest chess players in history, thought Chess960 superior to position 518 [the traditional start position] alone, enough so as to abandon playing "the old chess" surely this must be the strongest testimonial you will ever hear!

Along with those perceptive comments was a link to an older forum thread on the same subject -- Advantageous positions -- where Chess Tiger wrote,

The Chess Tigers offer a reward of Euro 5.000,- to anybody finding a forced lost starting position. You naturally have to bring the evidence!

I asked Chess Tiger if the offer was still valid. He replied,

Yes, it is! But I guess you will agree that we are not really in danger to pay this out.

By introducing chess960, the author of the Chessbase article on 'Refined Chess' was relying on a straw man defense to make his case about drawn games. The purpose of chess960 is to eliminate the impact of opening theory in chess, not to reduce the number of draws. If it does both, that's fine, but draw reduction is not its primary selling point.

***

Wikipedia has an excellent article on First-move advantage in chess. Many of its points -- winning percentages for both sides, drawn with best play, symmetrical openings -- are also relevant to chess960, even if the variant is not (yet) cited.

Small Opening Moves Can Have Big Consequences

I advanced from the first round of the 2009 Chess960 Dropout Tournament (see Pyramids and Dropouts for an explanation of how the format works) by winning both games. I discussed the start of one game in my post on Chess960 Twins, while the other game started with the position shown in the diagram.

Start Position 482

The line-up of the h-side pieces is the same as in the traditional start position (SP518). The initial moves were 1.c4 c5 2.b3 b6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3. The first observation to make is the symmetry of the position. Chess960 games often start with symmetrical moves or transpose into symmetrical positions, more often than from SP518. There are several reasons why this happens, and I'll discuss them in a future post.

At this point in the game I judged that multiple piece exchanges on f3/f6 were inevitable, making the development of the h-side Bishop a key decision. Instead of continuing 4...Nc6, maintaining the symmetry, I decided to give my opponent the chance to break the symmetry, thereby going astray. I chose to capture toward the center by playing 4...e6 followed by a later ...gxf6. My opponent chose 5.g3, capturing away from the center with a later e2xf3. These decisions had a major impact on the evolution of the game.

After the inevitable exchanges, I had a mass of central Pawns, partly unopposed. I worked these into a steamroller, gained a big advantage in space that let me maneuver on both sides of the board, and eventually won the game. You can see how the idea worked by playing through the full game, PGN courtesy of SchemingMind.com:

[Event "2009 Chess960 Dropout Tournament, Round 1"]
[Site "SchemingMind.com"]
[Date "2008.12.16"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Chessic"]
[Black "bemweeks"]
[Result "0-1"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "bqrnkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/BQRNKBNR w KQkq - 0 1"]

1.c4 c5 2.b3 b6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 e6 5.g3 Nc6 6.Bg2 Nd4 7.O-O Nxf3+ 8.Bxf3 Bxf3 9.exf3 Be7 10.Ne4 O-O 11.Nxf6+ Bxf6 12.Bxf6 gxf6 13.Qe4 Qd6 14.Rcd1 f5 15.Qh4 Qd4 16.Qxd4 cxd4 17.f4 f6 18.Rfe1 Kf7 19.Rc1 d6 20.d3 Rfe8 21.f3 Re7 22.Re2 e5 23.Rce1 Ke6 24.fxe5 dxe5 25.f4 Kd6 26.Kf2 Rce8 27.Kf3 Kc5 28.a3 e4+ 29.Kf2 a5 30.Kf1 h5 31.Kf2 h4 32.gxh4 Kd6 33.b4 axb4 34.axb4 e3+ 35.Kf1 Rh7 36.Kg2 Rxh4 37.Kg3 Reh8 38.Kf3 Rh3+ 0-1

Just as in traditional chess, opening ideas can easily carry into later phases of a chess960 game.